Dry eye syndrome is a prevalent eye condition in the United States, affecting approximately 16.8 million people. The condition's symptoms can significantly impact your vision and quality of life. Fortunately, multiple options are available to alleviate these symptoms, such as LipiFlow® and tear duct plugs. But for many patients with dry eye syndrome, eye drops remain the most common source of relief.

Understanding Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye syndrome occurs when the eyes cannot stay adequately lubricated, leading to discomfort. The tear film in the eyes consists of three main layers, each playing a crucial role in the overall function of the film. To grasp dry eye syndrome, it is essential to understand the functions of these tear film layers.

• Bottom Layer

The base layer covers the eye's surface, ensuring the even spread of the tear film. It consists of thin mucus produced by the white part of the eye, providing anti-adhesive properties to the eye surface.

• Middle Layer

The middle layer comprising tears is the largest and most voluminous layer. This volume of water is produced by the lacrimal glands. It contains nutrients that nourish the cornea and helps clean the eye surface when foreign objects enter.

• Top Layer

The top layer acts as a protective barrier, preventing the tear film from evaporating under the sun's heat. The layer is mostly oily lipid, called meibum, produced by the meibomian glands.

Considerations Before Using Eye Drops

Eye drops are commonly the first choice for many dry eye patients seeking relief. However, the type of eye drops needed depends on the severity of your dry eye. Mild dry eye usually benefits from over-the-counter options, while severe dry eye may require prescription eye drops.

Eye doctors unanimously advise against using eye drops that promise to clear eye redness. These drops constrict blood vessels in the eyes, addressing redness but not effectively treating dry eye. Continued use of these drops can even lead to rebound redness.

Prescription Eye Drops

Prescription eye drops are often the best solution for moderate to severe dry eye. Several options include Restasis, Cequa, Eysuvis, Xiidra, and Tyrvaya. Sometimes, eye doctors may recommend steroid eye drops for fast relief, but long-term use is generally discouraged. Biological eye drops may also be prescribed to reduce inflammation, and autologous serum eye drops may be developed from a patient's own blood for severe dry eye.

• Over-the-counter Eye Drops

Mild dry eye syndrome can often find relief from over-the-counter eye drops. But with around 35 different brands available, it's crucial to identify the right one for your dry eye.

• Lubricating Gels

Lubricating gels or ointments may be preferred for more severe dry eyes. Thicker than regular eye drops, these products provide longer-lasting relief. Due to their thicker consistency, they may temporarily blur vision, making them popular for use before sleep.

• Lipid-based Moisturizing Eye Drops

Eye doctors commonly recommend these drops as a first line of defense for most patients. These drops reinforce the outer oily layer of the tear film, slowing down tear evaporation. They also support the watery middle layer, improving overall tear function.

Further Classification

Eye Drops With Preservatives

Some eye drops include preservatives to prevent bacterial growth after opening. While this is beneficial, the preservatives can irritate the eyes and worsen dry eye symptoms.

Preservative-free Eye Drops

These eye drops have fewer additives, making them an ideal choice. Doctors often recommend using them four times daily for moderate to severe dry eye.

For more information on how to choose the right eye drops for dry eyes, visit Gregor Eye Care at our office in Overland Park, Kansas. Call (913) 685-0212​​​​​​​ to book an appointment today.